The aerospace future is embracing the hybrid technology, but not as you think
Quick question
Why Full Electric is not yet competitive at all with conventional thermal engines? Simply because the energy density ratio between jet A1 fuel and the best battery in the market is 1 to 30. Means that the energy stored in a kg of jet fuel needs to be replaced with 30kg of battery. So the ‘fuel’ will weight 30 times the current one.
Quick conclusion
If we want to build a full electric airplane, and we expect to have the same range of a normal jet airplane replòacing the thermal engine with electric engine… simply we will build an airplane that cannot fly because its weight is over what it can lift up.
By the way
Some innovations are anyway possible, like the one we are bringing ahead, in order to increase the efficiency of the current state of the art, like using system able to convert all the energy wasted in heat, turbulences, and other in electric energy available for the services.
Sergio Durante reveals the new fine artworks totally handmade on recycled carbon fibres
1 December 2022
The background
As already highlighted in the Napster, man is, at the same time, a fugitive from danger but greedy for gains. The creepy AVATAR represents, at the same time, a virtuosity in the processing of recycled carbon fibers, and an extremely impressive and visually powerful work. Entirely made of recycled carbon, it rests on another carbon work that develops vertically in three dimensions.
The meaning
The AVATAR, as a mask and disguise for which anyone can be anything, may appear to be an instrument of freedom, revenge and catharsis. But no: it imprisons and forces us into a false and inconsistent reality. In his investigation, White Blood reveals the deception and through art staging the opposite process. It is the avatar, the fictional character who exists only in the metaverse, who now emerges to become more concrete and tangible than reality itself. The shapeless magma of carbon fiber lends itself perfectly to immortalizing the moment in which the lie is revealed and becomes a physical object by appropriating a material, recycled carbon, which belonged to something that is no longer in the world and which now adapts to represent an object of the imagination that comes to life.
As already highlighted in WhiteBlood Napster, man is, at the same time, a fugitive from danger but greedy for gains.
This is the principle underlying the analytical richness of the philosophy of the great Nicolo Machiavelli.
The dematerialization of wealth creates insecurity in man, but driven by greed, man is driven to ever more daring financial speculations which have been partially offset by the possession of objects representative of wealth such as shares in paper form. The stock was the last bastion of a physical and material representation of wealth. Paper that deprives goods, machinery, desks, men and women of matter and blood and which is definitively extinguished at the digital frontier, becoming simple information, shreds of bits supported by other shared substructures that are defined as real for this reason alone. , the fragile reality, therefore, the theme of the philosophical and artistic investigation of the WhiteBlood collective.
The collective exhumes the paper and the title, now devoid of any value and charges it with substance, art, color and human warmth and thus takes up materiality, strength, value, humanity, uniqueness, gravitational dance between opposite values that disorients, annihilates and that it evokes the primordial pheromone of possession, of control, an archaic thrust in the human being.
The paper thus returns to being real, in its ecosystem that actually brings back the value, the money, the work that that paper represented or claimed to represent.
The title had value because it represented a value recognized by the reference system. The stock title lives on today and becomes Art.
Art that takes on value and therefore returns to being a commodity and to be exchanged between collectors capable of grasping the multiple vibrations and conceptual alliterations that this Work can offer.
The meaning
Pfizer’s work is heavy, full of meaning, it represents dissolution and recomposition, it presents a point of contact with the title because art exists, if enjoyed, possessed, touched, exchanged.
And all these meanings seem compressed in the Work which is pushed, broken, compressed, closed, dissolved and reassembled with sudden and uncontrolled escapes.
the desire for contact and possession is also amplified by a lively, seething, erotic and rampant aesthetic.
Pfizer is the first work to be represented as a 9-piece original artwork from Pfizer Inc.
The present work “Pfizer Wall” which leads the collective to the creation of a wall dedicated to the pharmaceutical company Pfizer capable of offering a historical and current cross-section of contemporary society.
The wall will be composed of 9 original pieces and full of the artistic warmth of our collective of artists, researchers and craftsmen.
We like to change every now and then. This year, as usual, we took part in the famous HillClimb Race Cesana Sestriere, but instead of using a real racing car, we opted for a pure sports car, the fantastic Porsche Gt3.
The Porsche 911 GT3 is a high-performance homologation model of the Porsche 911 sports car. It is a line of high-performance models, which began with the 1973 911 Carrera RS. The GT3 has had a successful racing career in the one-make national and regional Porsche Carrera Cup and GT3 Cup Challenge series, as well as the international Porsche Supercup supporting the FIA Formula 1 World Championship. The car used in the climb has a 4.0 liter engine, 510 hp at 9000 rpm, an incredible sound and a racing car setup.
Driving impression
The first thing that you appreciate in the GT3 is the perfect seat position and alignment with the driving wheel. The driver position is comfortable and permit to concentrate on the driving.
Being a ‘almost’ racing test, first thing to appreciate is the launch control, that permit to leave the start line in a very effective way despite the still cold tyres. The rear tyres are kept by the electronic at the adherence limit to the ground and some skids happens but easy to control. At the first U-turn you understand that the brakes must be pressed with a lot of energy, but they are very effective, and the ABS intervention is very rare on the clean asphalt. The suspensions are very effective and the car does not show any disturbing roll and pitch.
The steering is direct and precise, very effective both on the slow and fast turn. Personally I would have keep a bit more distance, ergonomically speaking, between the gear pads and the other commands (turn lights and wipers). In fact, if you have big hands or wearing gloves the space is not enough.
The suspensions are excellent, in particular on this type of roads, used everyday by the normal traffic, so a bit bumpy and irregular.
The engine is powerful and very effective, specifically at high revs, over 5000 rpm. Personally I prefer to change manually the gears with the paddles shift, and i prefer to do it earlier than the 9000 rpm limit, to preserve a bit the stress on the mechanic. But this is the typical engineers paranoia :-). Sound is beautiful, metallic, very aggressive. And you can reach high speed very quickly.
Despite the test was carried out at high altitude, between 1000 and 2050 m over the sea level, the engine, atmospheric, was still pushing quite good. Of course the turbo version like the Porsche GT2 or Turbo are practically not affected by the altitude.
In conclusion a fantastic car, fast, very fast and pleasant to drive. Very similar to a race car, and very effective. In a timed test I think that can leave behind a lot of race cars.
Man is a fugitive from dangers but also greedy for gains. This is the principle underlying the analytical richness of Machiavelli’s philosophy.
The dematerialization of wealth creates insecurity in man but driven by greed, man is pushed to ever more daring financial speculations which were partly offset by the possession of objects representative of wealth such as shares in paper form.
The stock certificate was the last bastion of a physical and material representation of wealth. Paper that deprives goods, machinery, desks, men and women of matter and blood and which is definitively extinguished at the digital frontier, becoming mere information, shreds of bits supported by other shared substructures that are defined as real for this reason alone. , the fragile reality, therefore, the theme of philosophical and artistic investigation of the collective WB.
WhiteBlood interpretation of the titles
The collective exhumes the paper and the title, now devoid of any value and charges it with substance, art, color and human warmth and thus takes back materiality, strength, value, humanity, uniqueness, gravitational dance between opposing values that disorients, annihilates and which evokes the primordial pheromone of possession, of control, an archaic thrust in the human being.
The paper thus becomes real again, in its ecosystem which brings back into reality the value, the money, the work that that paper represented or pretended to represent.
The title had value because it represented a value recognized by the reference system. The paper stock option today comes back to life and becomes Art.
Art that takes on value and therefore returns to being a commodity and to be exchanged between collectors capable of understanding the multiple vibrations and conceptual alliterations that this Work can offer.
The Meaning
The Napster work is heavy, full of meaning, it represents dissolution and recomposition, it presents a point of contact with the title because art exists, if enjoyed, possessed, touched, exchanged.
And all these meanings seem compressed in the Work that is pushed, broken, compressed, enclosed, dissolved and reassembled with sudden and uncontrolled escapes. The desire for contact and possession is also amplified by a lively, seething, erotic and rampant aesthetic.
Napster is the first work to be represented as a single work composed of the original stock of Napster Inc.
Napster, Inc. was a pioneer of music sharing via the internet, questioning the conceptual and legal framework within which the musical work was protected and the investigation of the collective lends itself to unleashing conceptual, legal and social reflections with their work. about the untouchability of the Art that Napster vainly sought to demolish.
Napster has spread the idea that art belongs to everyone and that the legal enclosures in which it is compressed are fallacious, fragile reference systems that need a total rethinking so that art returns to being vivid and alive.
Future work
The next work on the Pheromone theme is ‘Oil Art Wall’ already commissioned and which leads the collective to the creation of a wall dedicated to a famous Oil Company to recall the links to the Cracking art project.
The wall will be made up of 9 original pieces and loaded with artistic warmth from our collective of artists and craftsmen.
This will be followed by another work “Pfizer Wall” which leads the collective to the creation of a wall dedicated to the Pfizer Pharmaceutical company capable of offering a historical and current cross-section of contemporary society.
Dr. Nickolas Ridgway and Dr. Eng. Sergio Durante participated at the International Conference TRAM (Trend in Advanced Machining, Manufacturing and Materials) in Chicago at the IMTS 2014, the famous Machine Tool and Robotic fear in USA. They presented a new approach on the manufacturing of high quality components for motorsport and aeronautic sector, based on a life cycle approach. This permits to achieve better, faster and less pollutant components with respect to the previous technologies. Some of the technologies and results were developed and tested in the European Funded Project REFORM, dealing with advanced composites materials.
Invited Keynote lecture at TRAM 2009 worldwide Conference
Wednesday, 9, September, 2009
New methodologies for development of high efficient Machining of difficult to cut materials
Authors:
Sergio Durante, Mauro Comoglio
1D4S Motorsport, Mar Adriatico 2, 38612 Granadilla de Abona, Spain,
2DIAD , Str. Della Praia 12/C, I-10090 Buttigliera Alta (TO) Italy,
In Sheffield at the AMRC with Boeing facilities, Dr. Eng. Sergio Durante presented a paper on high efficient machining.
The article and the keynote focuses on the automotive and aerospace industries. In these industries the need for enhanced materials performance is necessary if they are to remain competitive in global terms. Unfortunately the material properties, which make them so attractive to the aerospace and automotive industry can also make them difficult to machine. This paper will discuss integrated developments in machining techniques and cutting tools, which are emerging to cope with difficult to cut materials.
Introduction
Due to the increasingly competitive nature of the commercial aircraft and automotive markets, environmental issues and affordability are the prime market drivers.
In the aerospace sector, the implication of this is a market requirement for faster, cheaper, quieter aircraft. There is also a need to reduce operational costs by producing, more economical and reliable aircraft with an increased operating life. To meet these requirements the aircraft designers are producing larger, thinner complex (monolithic) parts, which can be assembled more easily without the recourse to jigs and fixtures. This is forcing manufacturers to consider using more exotic alloys, composites and mixed metal matrices, with a large impact on machining technology. Similar trends are occurring in the military aircraft sector where, in addition to affordability, stealth technology is forcing the use of new materials and design techniques.
In addition to the technological issues the aerospace industry is now moving towards the model of the automotive with the large OEMs concentrating on large system integration with component manufacture moving into the supply chain. This is having an impact as the companies now machining difficult to cut materials are unaware of the materials research being carried out at the OEM level and they can be faced with a machining problem on a material where they have little previous experience.
In the automotive sector new products now face stringent economic and environmental demands. In Europe emission legislation and the demands for higher performance from smaller engines have together driven the development of diesel engine technology over the past 10 years.
Integrated development of high performance tools for efficient machining of difficult to cut materials in automotive and aerospace applications
Authors:
Dr. Eng. Sergio Durante – DIAD (IT)
Prof. Keith Ridgway – AMRC with Boeing
Dr. Eng. Mauro Comoglio – Centro Ricerche FIAT (IT)
On October 25th, Dr. Eng. Sergio Durante presented a Keynote Address in the Frankfurt AIRTEC2007 Plenary Session International Conference.
Airbus 380 – Courtesy of Airbus, Our Partner in the AFFIX Project:
Aligning, Holding and Fixing Flexible and Difficult to Handle Components
The speech focuses on the automotive, aerospace industries. In all these industries the need for enhanced materials performance is necessary if they are to remain competitive in global terms. The aerospace industry is currently under-going the changes originally experienced in the automotive industry with increasing acceptance that the OEMs are large system integrators and increasing use of sub-contractors.
This approach has a wide-ranging impact on future developments as the OEMs are pushing research down the supply chain. This creates the risk of creating a major discontinuity between the performance requirements of the OEMs and the manufacturing capabilities of the supply chain. As the OEMs require increasing performance it is essential that the supply chain have the manufacturing capability to cope with the enhanced material properties required. This discontinuity is addressed in this proposal as new production processes will be developed to cope with the new materials and also the major design changes occurring in the industries considered.
The aerospace and automotive factories of the future will involve jig less assembly and more responsive manufacturing processes.
This will include increased flexibility, including intelligent work-holding devises and fixtures, adaptive machining, active damping. These will be required to reduce manufacturing costs and increase the accuracy required for jig less assembly.
Al of these aspects have a major impact on machining tool.
In the always dynamic environment of London, it was held the meeting between Prof. Jianguo Lin, director of the Mechanical Engineering Department of the Imperial College of London and Dr. Eng. Sergio Durante. Some high tech industrial projects are already running between D4S Motorsport and this important UK institution. Target of the meeting was to explore future possible collaboration in the field of the advanced engineering, with a special attention to application of innovative manufacturing process for the production of a future generation of low-inertia powertrain components.
In the same days the meeting of the international project MMTECH was held at the Imperial College. This project relates with the setting up of a new concept of additive manufacturing process for aerospace components.
Industries, research centres and companies from UK, France, Italy and Spain are involved in this international collaboration. MMTech will develop technologies and methodologies to process the gamma-Titanium material, which have the potential to save time and cost across the aircraft lifecycle (design, production, maintenance, overhaul, repair and retrofit), including certification aspects. It will target the integration of new and novel materials in aero-engine and aircraft structural components.
Building the basis for future collaborations with the famous City University of Hong Kong In the fascinating environment of the always dynamic Hong Kong was held the first important meeting between the worldwide famous City University of Hong Kong, represented by Prof. Jian Lu, Executive Vice President of Research and Technology, and Dr. Sergio Durante, Executive Vice President of the multinational company D4S Group.
The topic of the meeting was focused on the future collaboration between the two institutions. The fields of interest discussed are mainly related to the application of advanced materials to the future mobility automotive sector, with a particular interest on a novel generation of energy absorbers, ultra high strength nano-structured metals and innovative surface engineering treatment.
The City University of Hong Kong, in the Department of Advanced Structural Materials sport a state of the art equipped laboratory and top level researchers.
The number and the quality of the publications permit the University to be ranked among the best-in-class worldwide.
More in details the Primary mission of the Centre for Advanced Structural Materials of Prof. Jian Lu is to develop a future generation of materials scientists, mechanics of materials researchers and design engineers to bring advance fundamentals and technologies in advanced structural materials.
Innovative solutions are created for different key industrial sectors, such as the biomedical, the automotive, the aerospace, and the sustainable energy.
The Centre’s objectives are to build a common research platform to attracts various members in the field of mechanics of advanced structural and functional material. Technology transfer is created by working with national and international leading companies; training top level multi-disciplinary researchers for the region; developing high value-added products to support economic developments of Hong Kong and the Pearl Delta Region.
The current major research areas are:
• Prestressed engineering materials and devices
• Advanced Bulk Metallic Glasses (BMGs) and Multicomponent Metallic Alloys
• New Advanced Composites
• Radiation Damage in Reactor Materials
• Integration of advanced structural materials in product design
The new materials under development in the Prof. Jian Lu Centre for Advanced Structural Material, show high potential of application in the future electric and hybrid cars, that represent exactly the focus of the current business of D4S Motorsport The two organizations found a lot of complementarity points that will converge in the joint participations to both industrial and government high tech Asian and European projects, where the City University of Hong Kong will bring in the material technologies while D4S Motorsport will develop the manufacturing and extensive automotive testing of parts.
The modern architecture sport by the City University of Hong Kong, which is ranked one of the best universities Worldwide
Picture: Prof. Jian Lu, Executive Vice President of the Research & Technology at the City University of Hong Kong with Dr. Eng. Sergio Durante, Executive Vice President of the D4S Group. The Hong Kong University.
